庄鸿飞, 鹿志创, 刘增力, 王宗灵, 赵林林. 斑海豹渤黄海生态廊道[J]. 国家公园(中英文), 2024, 2(2): 81-90. DOI: 10.20152/j.np.202401060009
引用本文: 庄鸿飞, 鹿志创, 刘增力, 王宗灵, 赵林林. 斑海豹渤黄海生态廊道[J]. 国家公园(中英文), 2024, 2(2): 81-90. DOI: 10.20152/j.np.202401060009
ZHUANG Hongfei, LU Zhichuang, LIU Zengli, WANG Zongling, ZHAO Linlin. Study on the ecological corridor of spotted seals in the Bohai and Yellow Seas[J]. NATIONAL PARK, 2024, 2(2): 81-90. DOI: 10.20152/j.np.202401060009
Citation: ZHUANG Hongfei, LU Zhichuang, LIU Zengli, WANG Zongling, ZHAO Linlin. Study on the ecological corridor of spotted seals in the Bohai and Yellow Seas[J]. NATIONAL PARK, 2024, 2(2): 81-90. DOI: 10.20152/j.np.202401060009

斑海豹渤黄海生态廊道

Study on the ecological corridor of spotted seals in the Bohai and Yellow Seas

  • 摘要: 生态廊道是野生动物迁徙、扩散, 完成生命周期活动的重要通道。斑海豹是渤黄海海洋海岛生态地理区布局的三个国家公园的唯一旗舰物种。亟待识别斑海豹生态廊道以完善相关国家公园海上空间保护规划和管控措施, 降低该物种的局部灭绝风险。基于2010—2020年开展卫星信标跟踪调查和2023年在长岛开展参与式地理信息调查, 运用生态位模型和阻力模型, 识别了斑海豹在渤黄海尺度的生态廊道, 基于水文分析进一步细化了斑海豹在渤海海峡的生态廊道。结果表明两个尺度的生态廊道都有斑海豹活动历史。在空间分布上, 大尺度廊道与斑海豹季节性迁徙洄游的关键路径吻合, 小尺度廊道符合斑海豹的栖息捕食活动规律。但上述廊道基本未被现有国家级海洋保护地覆盖, 大尺度下渤海海峡廊道被老铁山水道和长山水道的航运热点阻隔, 小尺度下的关键生态廊道可能同时受到养殖区影响。研究建议根据生态廊道的时空分布, 在国家公园候选区设置季节性核心保护区和外围保护地带, 根据迁徙和活动规律实施动态管控。

     

    Abstract: Ecological corridors are crucial pathways for wildlife migration, dispersal, and life cycle completion. The spotted seal is the flagship species of three national parks strategically located in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea Marine Island Ecological Geographic Region (BYME). Identifying ecological corridors for spotted seals is urgent to improve conservation planning and management measures for marine spaces in relevant national parks and reduce their potential risk of local extinction. We conducted satellite beacon tracking surveys from 2010 to 2020, a participatory geographic information system (PGIS) survey on Changdao in 2023, identified BYME′s ecological corridors using niche models and Linkage Mapper, and further refined ecological corridors within the Bohai Strait based on hydrological analysis. Our results showed that there were historical records of spotted seal activity in both large-scale and small-scale ecological corridors. The large-scale corridor aligned with their crucial seasonal migration route while the small-scale corridor corresponded their habitat and feeding activity patterns. However, these corridors were not covered by existing national marine protected areas. At a large scale, shipping hotspots such as Laotieshan Waterway and Changshan Waterway block the corridor within the Bohai Strait while some key small-scale corridors may also be affected by mariculture zones. This study proposes the establishment of seasonal core zones and peripheral conservation zones in potential national parks, based on the spatial and temporal distribution of ecological corridors, while implementing dynamic management strategies aligned with migration and activity regulations.

     

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