Abstract: National parks are the most important type of protected areas globally, which plays an irreplaceable role in protecting biodiversity and natural resources, and supports the sustainability of the biosphere. China is one of the "mega-countries of biodiversity" in the world. "Protecting biodiversity and promoting national parks construction" is an important task for promoting the harmonious coexistence between human and nature, and builds ecological civilization. Since the proposal to establish a national park system in 2013, China′s national parks have made important progresses in spatial layout planning, natural resource management, ecological conservation and restoration, and improving people′s livehood. Related studies in life sciences, ecology, geography, and other fields have played an important role in providing scientific and technological support for national park planning and construction management. However, China′s national park construction is still in its early stage, and faces many challenges in protecting natural resources, managing institutional mechanisms, monitoring biodiversity, and local community development. Based on the analysis of the progresses of national park construction in China, this paper discusses the main issues and challenges facing national park construction, and the requirements for high-quality national park construction.