Paths and mechanisms for realizing the eco-product value of marine national parks: a case study of Changdao National Park

National parks occupy a paramount position in safeguarding biodiversity and maintaining ecosystem functions. As a vital component of the comprehensive national park system, marine national parks play a pivotal role in realizing the value of their ecosystem products. This is an inevitable requirement for advancing the construction of marine ecological civilization and converting marine ecological strengths into sustainable economic benefits. Changdao National Park is a prime exemplar of marine national parks with boasts remarkable advantages in ecological resource, underscoring its significance in this endeavor. Taking the Changdao National Park as an illustrative case, this study explores the pathways and mechanisms for realizing the value of ecosystem products within marine national parks. It is aimed at reconciling the inherent tension between conservation and development, and facilitating the sustainable and efficient provision of high-quality marine ecosystem products. To achieve this, a comprehensive classification system for ecosystem product value is established and ecosystem products are categorized into three distinct groups: provisioning service products, regulating service products, and cultural service products. In addition, the labor theory of value and utility theory of value are used to analyze the value composition of the pilot ecosystem products of Changdao National Park. Given their various characteristics, several approaches to realize the value of ecosystem products in Changdao National Park are outlined in this proposal, involving ecological protection compensation, ecosystem product premiums, natural resource carbon trading, ecotourism, and environmental education. Additionally, the mechanisms for achieving the value of ecosystem products in the park are summarized, including an ecosystem product investigation and monitoring mechanism, a protection and compensation mechanism, an operation and development mechanism, and a safeguard mechanism.