World national parks: origins, evolutions and development trends

National parks stem from the dynamic evolution of the relationship between man and nature, and emerged in the specific historical context of the Westward Movement of the United States and the Second Industrial Revolution. The intensification of the environmental crisis and other factors led to a change in environmental concepts and finally formed the original concept of national parks. The essence is to be compatible with "protection" and "use", that is, the concept of "conservation" advocated by the nature conservation movement, protecting the precious natural resources within the national parks while taking into account the cultural heritage preserved by the local indigenous people. The concept of national parks has been embraced around the world because of the continuous driving force behind it. A group of American scholars and politicians represented by Thoreau condensed the core connotation of nature conservation ideas, and since then, various environmental protection organizations led by the International Union for Conservation of Nature have established a protected area system through continuous advocacy and promotion, and countries around the world have established suitable national park models for their own national conditions according to practice under the guidance of the system. The concept of national parks originated in North America and keeps growing worldly. The exploration history of more than 100 years has laid the cornerstone for the development of the national park system, and more distinctive model systems will continue to evolve in various countries.