Spatial-temporal changes of ecological security in Wuyishan National Park and its surrounding areas

Ecological security is a prerequisite for sustainable development in a region. Conducting research on ecological security in national parks is of great significance in enhancing ecosystem services, promoting ecological protection, and achieving high-quality socio-economic development. This study is based on the social and economic statistical data and field survey data from 2010, 2015, 2020, 2021, and 2022, using the comprehensive weighting method combined with the expert consultation method and entropy weight method, and referring to the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) model. 24 indicators was selected from six categories, including ecological conditions, ecological resources, disaster indicators, population indicators, economic construction, and ecological maintenance, to establish an ecological security evaluation index system and assess the ecological security of Wuyishan National Park and its administrative areas. The results show that: (1) The average ecological security index of Wuyishan National Park and its surrounding areas from 2010 to 2022 is 0.4616, showing an upward trend year by year; (2) The ecological security index of Wuyishan National Park is the highest, with an annual average of 0.5069, showing a gradual upward trend and an average annual increase of 1.01%; Jianyang District has the lowest ecological security index, with an annual average of only 0.4283, but its increase rate is significant, with an average annual increase rate of 1.40%; (3) The ecological security index of Wuyishan National Park, Wuyishan City, and Jianyang District showed a significant and steady growth trend, while the growth of Yanshan County did not reach a significant level, while Guangze County and Shaowu City showed a non-significant downward fluctuation. In response to the above changes, suggestions are made that Wuyishan National Park can enhance the ecological security of surrounding areas by strengthening regional cooperation, and formulate targeted ecological development strategies based on the characteristics of the surrounding areas of Wuyishan National Park to narrow the ecological security gap in the surrounding areas.