Key mechanisms of climate change response in U.S. national parks and its inspiration to China

National parks and other protected areas are sensitive to climate change and essential for mitigation. Climate change response involves all aspects of national park management, but how to promote the implementation of climate action in terms of planning, policy, funding, and organizational structure needs further research. This study systematically combed the history, target system, policy and planning system, organizational structure and funding mechanism of U.S. national parks in response to climate change, and concluded the characteristics as follows: start the response with a flexible planning portfolio; making the overall plan with the "no-regrets" goal system; promoting deep shifts with climate-specific policies; consolidate consensus among multiple groups with diverse organizational structures; leverage the participation of multiple parks with a small amount of specific funds; guide management practices with scientific and technological support. The implications for climate change response in China′s national parks is as follows: national parks are very important to strengthen climate leadership; mobilizing the participation of multiple parties through overall strategy plan; developing scientific tools to lower barriers to climate action; setting specific fund and specific staff to promote sustainable development; taking climate change as an opportunity to build a resilient management system.